Raster vs Vector Graphics

Raster Graphics

They are bitmaps. This is a grid of individual pixels that collectively compose of an image. raster graphics render images as a collection of numerous tiny squares. Each square, pixel is coded in a specific hue or shade. They are best used for non-line art images such as specifically digitized photographs, scanned artwork or detailed graphics. These type of images are represented in raster as these typically include subtle chromatic gradations, undefined lines and shapes and complex composition.Are pixel-based and suffer a image degradation. Its similar to photographic images that get blurry and imprecise when blown up, a raster image gets rough. Raster images can be scaled down more easily and smaller versions often appear less crisp that the original. 

Maximizing the quality of the image, one must keep in mind that the raster format is resolution specific. The are defined and displayed at one specific resolution. This is measured in dpi (dots per inch). The higher the dpi is, the better the resolution. High resolution images should be used only if the equipment has the capability to display them at high resolution. This comes at a price. They are significantly larger than comparable vector files, high resolution raster files are significantly larger than low resolution raster files. Raster graphics are less economical, slower to display and print, less versatile and more unweildy to work with. Common raster formats include TIFF, JPEG, GIF, PCX and BMP files. Raster format is the Web standard. 

Vector Graphics

They are based on mathematical formulas that define geometric primitives such as polygons, lines, curves, circles and rectangles. Hence they are composed of true geometric primitives so they are best used to represent more structured images, like line art graphics with flat, uniform colors. Vector based graphics are versatile, flexible and easy to use. Vector images are quickly and perfectly scalable. Images can be sized without loosing resolution. But on the other hand they aren't resolution dependent. They have no fixed intrinsic resolution, rather they display at the resolution capability of whatever output device is rendering them. Vector graphics don't need to memorize the contents of millions of tiny pixels as these files tend to be considerably smaller than their raster counterparts. But on the other hand they are more efficient and versatile. Common vector formats include AI, EPS, CGM, WMF, and PICT.

Difference between raster and vector graphics

The Printing Connection. (2011). Raster Images vs. Vector Graphics. [online] Available at: https://www.printcnx.com/resources-and-support/addiational-resources/raster-images-vs-vector-graphics/ [Accessed 19 Oct. 2016].